Some great books to look at

- The Seven Pillars of Statistical Wisdom (Stigler)
- Philosophy of Social Science (Rosenberg)
- Apollo’s Arrow (Orrell)
- The Model Thinker (Page)
- Artificial Intelligence (Russell and Norvig)
- Uncertainty: The Soul of Modeling, Probability & Statistics (Briggs)
- The Oxford Handbook of Causation (Beebee et al.)
- Probability Theory: The Logic of Science (Jaynes)
- Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge (Popper)
- The Logic of Scientific Discovery (Popper)

- The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (Kuhn)

https://www.phil.vt.edu/dmayo/personal_website/